@article {9,
	title = {Long-term variability of downward particle flux in the deep northeast Atlantic: Causes and trends},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in OceanographyDeep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in OceanographyDeep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {57},
	number = {15},
	year = {2010},
	note = {634DWTimes Cited:22Cited References Count:78},
	month = {Aug 1},
	pages = {1346-1361},
	abstract = {At 3000 m depth the downward flux of particulate matter shows substantial seasonal and interannual variation. Complete annual records for eight of the past 14 years have been examined in the light of mixing depths derived from the OCCAM general circulation model and euphotic zone chlorophyll concentration and productivity, which were derived from the SeaWiFS satellite colour sensor. The annual flux was particularly high in 2001 due to a late summer deposition exceeding previous records several fold and this year was also characterised by very early shoaling of the mixing depth in spring and a very high surface spring chlorophyll concentration. Other years that were somewhat unusual in having either high or low flux at depth were not in general associated with unusual patterns of mixing or productivity. The percentage of the annual organic carbon primary production which reaches 3000 m varies from 0.6 to 1.2\% except in 2001 when it reached 3.4\%. A mechanistic relationship between upper-ocean processes and deep-ocean particle flux remains elusive and various explanations are suggested for this which need now to be addressed. In the spring, the timing of first shoaling of mixing, enhancement of productivity and increased particle flux at depth have all advanced during the 14 years of study by about 2 days per year, suggesting a similar trend as has been observed for surface phytoplankton, mesozooplankton, fish and seabirds probably caused by wide-scale environmental changes. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
	keywords = {biogenic opal, climate, downward particle flux, export, inter-annual variability, interannual variability, mixed-layer depth, ocean, organic-carbon fluxes, primary production, primary productivity, sargasso sea, sediment traps, time-series},
	isbn = {0967-0645},
	author = {Lampitt, R. S. and Salter, I. and de Cuevas, B. A. and Hartman, S. and Larkin, K. E. and Pebody, C. A.}
}
@article {10,
	title = {The Porcupine Abyssal Plain fixed-point sustained observatory (PAP-SO): variations and trends from the Northeast Atlantic fixed-point time-series},
	journal = {ICES Journal of Marine ScienceIces Journal of Marine ScienceIces Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {69},
	number = {5},
	year = {2012},
	note = {961JHTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:20},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {776{\textendash}783},
	abstract = {The Porcupine Abyssal Plain sustained observatory (PAP-SO) in the Northeast Atlantic (498N 16.58W; 4800 m) is the longest running open-ocean multidisciplinary observatory in the oceans around Europe. The site has produced high-resolution datasets integrating environmental and ecologically relevant variables from the surface to the seabed for >20 years. Since 2002, a full-depth mooring has been in place with autonomous sensors measuring temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a fluorescence, nitrate, and pCO2. These complement ongoing mesopelagic and seabed observations on downward particle flux and benthic ecosystem structure and function. With national and European funding, the observatory infrastructure has been advanced steadily, with the latest development in 2010 involving collaboration between the UK{\textquoteright}s Meteorological Office and Natural Environment Research Council. This resulted in the first simultaneous atmospheric and ocean datasets at the site. All PAP-SO datasets are open access in near real time through websites and as quality-controlled datasets for a range of remote users using ftp sites and uploaded daily to MyOcean and the global telecommunications system for use in modelling activities. The combined datasets capture short-term variation (daily-seasonal), longer term trends (climate-driven), and episodic events (e. g. spring-bloom events), and the data contribute to the Europe-wide move towards good environmental status of our seas, driven by the EU{\textquoteright}s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (http://ec. europa. eu/ environment/water/marine).},
	keywords = {climate, driven, long-term change, northeast atlantic, observatory, Porcupine Abyssal Plain, time-series},
	isbn = {1054-3139},
	author = {Hartman, S. E. and Lampitt, R. S. and Larkin, K. E. and Pagnani, M. and Campbell, J. and Gkritzalis, T. and Jiang, Z. P. and Pebody, C. A. and Ruhl, H. A. and Gooday, A. J. and Bett, B. J. and Billett, D. S. M. and Provost, P. and McLachlan, R. and Turton, J. D. and Lankester, S.}
}
