@article {8,
	title = {Decadal-scale changes in shallow-infaunal foraminiferal assemblages at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain, NE Atlantic},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II{\textendash}Topical Studies in OceanographyDeep-Sea Research Part II{\textendash}Topical Studies in OceanographyDeep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1362{\textendash}1382},
	abstract = {Trends in the abundance, diversity and taxonomic composition of {\textquoteleft}live{\textquoteright} (rose Bengal stained) foraminiferal assemblages (0-1 cm layer, 463-mm fraction) were analysed in replicate multiple corer samples collected at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (481 50{\textquoteright} N, 161 30{\textquoteright} W, 4850 m water depth) over a 13-yr period (1989-2002). Total densities were significantly higher in 1996-2002 compared to 1989-1994, a change coincident with a spectacular rise in the density of the holothurian Amperima. However, total densities exhibited no significant relation to seasons or any significant correlation with modelled organic matter flux, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, Amperima densities, or megafaunal assemblage composition. Over the same period, species richness and diversity measures decreased and dominance increased, although not significantly. Multivariate analyses revealed three assemblages represented by samples collected in 1989-1994, 1996-July 1997 and October 1997- October 2002. These reflected temporal changes in the densities of higher taxa and species. Trochamminaceans, notably a small undescribed species, increased from 5-9\% (1989-1994) to 29-40\% (1996-2002) of the assemblage with a corresponding rise in absolute abundance. Species of Hormosinacea and Lagenammina also tended to increase in density from 1996/1997 onwards. Rotaliids, dominated by Alabaminella weddellensis and Epistominella exigua, showed a bimodal distribution over time with peak densities in May 1991 (32\%) and September 1998 (28\%) and lowest densities in 1996- 1997. Responses by these species to seasonal phytodetritus inputs probably explain the relative abundance of E. exigua, and to a lesser extent A. weddellensis, in 1989 and 1991 when phytodetritus was present. A qualitative change in the phytodetrital food, repackaging of food by megafauna, increased megafaunal disturbance of the surficial sediment, or a combination of these factors, are possible explanations for the dominance of trochamminaceans from 1996 onwards. The miliolid Quinqueloculina sp. was virtually absent in multicore samples (0-1 cm, 4 63-mm fraction) from 1989-1994, peaked in September 1996 (22\%) when degraded phytodetritus was present on core surfaces, was less common in March 1997, and thereafter was relatively uncommon. However, horizontally sliced box-core samples (0-5 cm, 4 250-mm fraction) revealed that large specimens were more abundant in March 1997, and also were concentrated in deeper sediment layers, than in September 1996. We suggest that Quinqueloculina sp. migrated to the sediment surface in response to a 1996 flux event, grew and reproduced, before migrating back into deeper layers as the phytodetrital food became exhausted. Overall, the abyssal time-series revealed decadal-scale changes among shallow-infaunal foraminifera, more or less coincident with changes in the megafauna, as well as indications of shorter-term events related to seasonally-pulsed phytodetrital inputs.},
	keywords = {Abyssal zone Phytodetritus, Agglutinated foraminifera Atlantic, ne atlantic, Ocean floor, Porcupine Abyssal Plain, Temporal variations, Time series},
	author = {Gooday, A. J. and Malzone, M.G. and Bett, B. J. and Lamont, P. A.}
}
@article {10,
	title = {The Porcupine Abyssal Plain fixed-point sustained observatory (PAP-SO): variations and trends from the Northeast Atlantic fixed-point time-series},
	journal = {ICES Journal of Marine ScienceIces Journal of Marine ScienceIces Journal of Marine Science},
	volume = {69},
	number = {5},
	year = {2012},
	note = {961JHTimes Cited:0Cited References Count:20},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {776{\textendash}783},
	abstract = {The Porcupine Abyssal Plain sustained observatory (PAP-SO) in the Northeast Atlantic (498N 16.58W; 4800 m) is the longest running open-ocean multidisciplinary observatory in the oceans around Europe. The site has produced high-resolution datasets integrating environmental and ecologically relevant variables from the surface to the seabed for >20 years. Since 2002, a full-depth mooring has been in place with autonomous sensors measuring temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a fluorescence, nitrate, and pCO2. These complement ongoing mesopelagic and seabed observations on downward particle flux and benthic ecosystem structure and function. With national and European funding, the observatory infrastructure has been advanced steadily, with the latest development in 2010 involving collaboration between the UK{\textquoteright}s Meteorological Office and Natural Environment Research Council. This resulted in the first simultaneous atmospheric and ocean datasets at the site. All PAP-SO datasets are open access in near real time through websites and as quality-controlled datasets for a range of remote users using ftp sites and uploaded daily to MyOcean and the global telecommunications system for use in modelling activities. The combined datasets capture short-term variation (daily-seasonal), longer term trends (climate-driven), and episodic events (e. g. spring-bloom events), and the data contribute to the Europe-wide move towards good environmental status of our seas, driven by the EU{\textquoteright}s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (http://ec. europa. eu/ environment/water/marine).},
	keywords = {climate, driven, long-term change, northeast atlantic, observatory, Porcupine Abyssal Plain, time-series},
	isbn = {1054-3139},
	author = {Hartman, S. E. and Lampitt, R. S. and Larkin, K. E. and Pagnani, M. and Campbell, J. and Gkritzalis, T. and Jiang, Z. P. and Pebody, C. A. and Ruhl, H. A. and Gooday, A. J. and Bett, B. J. and Billett, D. S. M. and Provost, P. and McLachlan, R. and Turton, J. D. and Lankester, S.}
}
