@article {6,
	title = {The BENGAL programme: introduction and overview},
	journal = {Progress in OceanographyProgress in OceanographyProgress in Oceanography},
	volume = {50},
	number = {1-4},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Sp. Iss. SI488RPTimes Cited:47Cited References Count:59},
	pages = {13-25},
	abstract = {BENGAL (High-resolution temporal and spatial study of the BENthic biology and Geochemistry of a north-eastern Atlantic abyssal Locality) was a three-year multidisciplinary study of the abyssal benthic boundary layer in the northeast Atlantic. The aim of BENGAL was to determine how the, seabed community and the geochemistry of the sediments change seasonally in response to a highly seasonal input of organic matter from the overlying water column. It did this by organising an intensive sampling programme on 14 research cruises over a two-year period. This introductory paper sets the scene for the subsequent scientific contributions. It describes the study area, sampling strategy and techniques, and provides a brief overview of the contributions to the BENGAL Special Volume. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {benthic processes, deep-sea sediments, ne atlantic, northeast atlantic-ocean, oneirophanta-mutabilis, organic-matter, phytodetritus, porcupine abyssal-plain, seasonal deposition, temporal variability},
	isbn = {0079-6611},
	author = {Billett, D. S. M. and Rice, A. L.}
}
@article {8,
	title = {Decadal-scale changes in shallow-infaunal foraminiferal assemblages at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain, NE Atlantic},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part II{\textendash}Topical Studies in OceanographyDeep-Sea Research Part II{\textendash}Topical Studies in OceanographyDeep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1362{\textendash}1382},
	abstract = {Trends in the abundance, diversity and taxonomic composition of {\textquoteleft}live{\textquoteright} (rose Bengal stained) foraminiferal assemblages (0-1 cm layer, 463-mm fraction) were analysed in replicate multiple corer samples collected at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (481 50{\textquoteright} N, 161 30{\textquoteright} W, 4850 m water depth) over a 13-yr period (1989-2002). Total densities were significantly higher in 1996-2002 compared to 1989-1994, a change coincident with a spectacular rise in the density of the holothurian Amperima. However, total densities exhibited no significant relation to seasons or any significant correlation with modelled organic matter flux, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, Amperima densities, or megafaunal assemblage composition. Over the same period, species richness and diversity measures decreased and dominance increased, although not significantly. Multivariate analyses revealed three assemblages represented by samples collected in 1989-1994, 1996-July 1997 and October 1997- October 2002. These reflected temporal changes in the densities of higher taxa and species. Trochamminaceans, notably a small undescribed species, increased from 5-9\% (1989-1994) to 29-40\% (1996-2002) of the assemblage with a corresponding rise in absolute abundance. Species of Hormosinacea and Lagenammina also tended to increase in density from 1996/1997 onwards. Rotaliids, dominated by Alabaminella weddellensis and Epistominella exigua, showed a bimodal distribution over time with peak densities in May 1991 (32\%) and September 1998 (28\%) and lowest densities in 1996- 1997. Responses by these species to seasonal phytodetritus inputs probably explain the relative abundance of E. exigua, and to a lesser extent A. weddellensis, in 1989 and 1991 when phytodetritus was present. A qualitative change in the phytodetrital food, repackaging of food by megafauna, increased megafaunal disturbance of the surficial sediment, or a combination of these factors, are possible explanations for the dominance of trochamminaceans from 1996 onwards. The miliolid Quinqueloculina sp. was virtually absent in multicore samples (0-1 cm, 4 63-mm fraction) from 1989-1994, peaked in September 1996 (22\%) when degraded phytodetritus was present on core surfaces, was less common in March 1997, and thereafter was relatively uncommon. However, horizontally sliced box-core samples (0-5 cm, 4 250-mm fraction) revealed that large specimens were more abundant in March 1997, and also were concentrated in deeper sediment layers, than in September 1996. We suggest that Quinqueloculina sp. migrated to the sediment surface in response to a 1996 flux event, grew and reproduced, before migrating back into deeper layers as the phytodetrital food became exhausted. Overall, the abyssal time-series revealed decadal-scale changes among shallow-infaunal foraminifera, more or less coincident with changes in the megafauna, as well as indications of shorter-term events related to seasonally-pulsed phytodetrital inputs.},
	keywords = {Abyssal zone Phytodetritus, Agglutinated foraminifera Atlantic, ne atlantic, Ocean floor, Porcupine Abyssal Plain, Temporal variations, Time series},
	author = {Gooday, A. J. and Malzone, M.G. and Bett, B. J. and Lamont, P. A.}
}
